Propagating ice front induces gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions from freezing xylem.
Identifieur interne : 000111 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000110; suivant : 000112Propagating ice front induces gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions from freezing xylem.
Auteurs : Anna Lintunen [Finlande] ; Adriano Losso [Autriche] ; Juho Aalto [Finlande] ; Tommy Chan [Finlande] ; Teemu Höltt [Finlande] ; Stefan Mayr [Autriche]Source :
- Tree physiology [ 1758-4469 ] ; 2020.
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Abstract
Ice formation and propagation in the xylem of plants is a complex process. During freezing of xylem sap, gases dissolved in liquid sap are forced out of the ice lattice due to their low solubility in ice, and supersaturation of xylem sap as well as low water potential (Ѱ) are induced at the ice-liquid interface. Supersaturation of gases near the ice front may lead to bubble formation and potentially to cavitation and/or to burst of gases driven out from the branch. In this study, we investigated the origin and dynamics of freezing-related gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions (AEs), which are suggested to indicate cavitation. Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Salix caprea L. branch segments were exposed to frost cycles in a temperature test chamber, and CO2 efflux (indicating gas bursts) and AEs were recorded. On freezing, two-thirds of the observed gas bursts originated from the xylem and only one-third from the bark. Simultaneously with gas bursts, AEs were detected. Branch Ѱ affected both gas bursts and AEs, with high gas burst in saturated and dry samples but relevant AEs only in the latter. Repeated frost cycles led to decreasing gas burst volumes and AE activity. Experiments revealed that the expanding ice front in freezing xylem was responsible for observed gas bursts and AEs, and that branch Ѱ influenced both processes. Results also indicated that gas bursts and cavitation are independently induced by ice formation, though both may be relevant for bubble dynamics during freezing.
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz123
PubMed: 31860711
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Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki FI-00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Losso, Adriano" sort="Losso, Adriano" uniqKey="Losso A" first="Adriano" last="Losso">Adriano Losso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck A-6020</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Innsbruck A-6020</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aalto, Juho" sort="Aalto, Juho" uniqKey="Aalto J" first="Juho" last="Aalto">Juho Aalto</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, 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University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holtt, Teemu" sort="Holtt, Teemu" uniqKey="Holtt T" first="Teemu" last="Höltt">Teemu Höltt</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki FI-00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayr, Stefan" sort="Mayr, Stefan" uniqKey="Mayr S" first="Stefan" last="Mayr">Stefan Mayr</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck A-6020</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Innsbruck A-6020</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Tree physiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1758-4469</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acoustics (MeSH)</term><term>Freezing (MeSH)</term><term>Gases (MeSH)</term><term>Ice (MeSH)</term><term>Ultrasonics (MeSH)</term><term>Xylem (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acoustique (MeSH)</term><term>Congélation (MeSH)</term><term>Gaz (MeSH)</term><term>Glace (MeSH)</term><term>Science des ultrasons (MeSH)</term><term>Xylème (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Gases</term><term>Ice</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Acoustics</term><term>Freezing</term><term>Ultrasonics</term><term>Xylem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acoustique</term><term>Congélation</term><term>Gaz</term><term>Glace</term><term>Science des ultrasons</term><term>Xylème</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Ice formation and propagation in the xylem of plants is a complex process. During freezing of xylem sap, gases dissolved in liquid sap are forced out of the ice lattice due to their low solubility in ice, and supersaturation of xylem sap as well as low water potential (Ѱ) are induced at the ice-liquid interface. Supersaturation of gases near the ice front may lead to bubble formation and potentially to cavitation and/or to burst of gases driven out from the branch. In this study, we investigated the origin and dynamics of freezing-related gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions (AEs), which are suggested to indicate cavitation. Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Salix caprea L. branch segments were exposed to frost cycles in a temperature test chamber, and CO2 efflux (indicating gas bursts) and AEs were recorded. On freezing, two-thirds of the observed gas bursts originated from the xylem and only one-third from the bark. Simultaneously with gas bursts, AEs were detected. Branch Ѱ affected both gas bursts and AEs, with high gas burst in saturated and dry samples but relevant AEs only in the latter. Repeated frost cycles led to decreasing gas burst volumes and AE activity. Experiments revealed that the expanding ice front in freezing xylem was responsible for observed gas bursts and AEs, and that branch Ѱ influenced both processes. Results also indicated that gas bursts and cavitation are independently induced by ice formation, though both may be relevant for bubble dynamics during freezing.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31860711</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1758-4469</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>40</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Tree physiology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Tree Physiol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Propagating ice front induces gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions from freezing xylem.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>170-182</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/treephys/tpz123</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Ice formation and propagation in the xylem of plants is a complex process. During freezing of xylem sap, gases dissolved in liquid sap are forced out of the ice lattice due to their low solubility in ice, and supersaturation of xylem sap as well as low water potential (Ѱ) are induced at the ice-liquid interface. Supersaturation of gases near the ice front may lead to bubble formation and potentially to cavitation and/or to burst of gases driven out from the branch. In this study, we investigated the origin and dynamics of freezing-related gas bursts and ultrasonic acoustic emissions (AEs), which are suggested to indicate cavitation. Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Salix caprea L. branch segments were exposed to frost cycles in a temperature test chamber, and CO2 efflux (indicating gas bursts) and AEs were recorded. On freezing, two-thirds of the observed gas bursts originated from the xylem and only one-third from the bark. Simultaneously with gas bursts, AEs were detected. Branch Ѱ affected both gas bursts and AEs, with high gas burst in saturated and dry samples but relevant AEs only in the latter. Repeated frost cycles led to decreasing gas burst volumes and AE activity. Experiments revealed that the expanding ice front in freezing xylem was responsible for observed gas bursts and AEs, and that branch Ѱ influenced both processes. Results also indicated that gas bursts and cavitation are independently induced by ice formation, though both may be relevant for bubble dynamics during freezing.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permission@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lintunen</LastName><ForeName>Anna</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Losso</LastName><ForeName>Adriano</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aalto</LastName><ForeName>Juho</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Tommy</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hölttä</LastName><ForeName>Teemu</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mayr</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Canada</Country><MedlineTA>Tree Physiol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100955338</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0829-318X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005740">Gases</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007053">Ice</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000162" MajorTopicYN="N">Acoustics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005615" MajorTopicYN="N">Freezing</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005740" MajorTopicYN="N">Gases</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007053" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014465" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ultrasonics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052584" MajorTopicYN="N">Xylem</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">acoustic emissions</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">bark permeability</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">effective diffusion coefficient of CO2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">freeze–thaw cycles</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">respiration</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">winter embolism</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31860711</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">5681429</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/treephys/tpz123</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Autriche</li><li>Finlande</li></country><region><li>Uusimaa</li></region><settlement><li>Helsinki</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Helsinki</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Finlande"><region name="Uusimaa"><name sortKey="Lintunen, Anna" sort="Lintunen, Anna" uniqKey="Lintunen A" first="Anna" last="Lintunen">Anna Lintunen</name></region><name sortKey="Aalto, Juho" sort="Aalto, Juho" uniqKey="Aalto J" first="Juho" last="Aalto">Juho Aalto</name><name sortKey="Chan, Tommy" sort="Chan, Tommy" uniqKey="Chan T" first="Tommy" last="Chan">Tommy Chan</name><name sortKey="Holtt, Teemu" sort="Holtt, Teemu" uniqKey="Holtt T" first="Teemu" last="Höltt">Teemu Höltt</name><name sortKey="Lintunen, Anna" sort="Lintunen, Anna" uniqKey="Lintunen A" first="Anna" last="Lintunen">Anna Lintunen</name></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Losso, Adriano" sort="Losso, Adriano" uniqKey="Losso A" first="Adriano" last="Losso">Adriano Losso</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mayr, Stefan" sort="Mayr, Stefan" uniqKey="Mayr S" first="Stefan" last="Mayr">Stefan Mayr</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour 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